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THE IOWA 



Soldiers' Orphans' Home 



DAVENPORT. 



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BOARD OF CONTROL. 

WILLIAM LARRABEE, Chairman. 

J. G. KINNE, 
JOHN COWNIE, 

SOUTH AMANA. 

L. A. WILKINSON, Secretary. 

DES MOINES. 



CLERMONT. 



DES MOINES. 



OFFICERS. 



M. T. GASS, Superintendent. 

H. E. POWNELL, Steward. 

WILLIAM L. ALLEN, Physician. 



HOW TO PROCEED TO SECURE THE ADMISSION 

OF A CHILD. 

Children whose parents are so situated or, of such a character as to be unable to properly 
care for them, or unfit to afford them suitable homes and training, are received into the Home. 

When it is desired to place children-in the Home,, write the Superintendent, stating whether 
the father of such children is a soldier or not. The Superintendent will then furnish the necess- 
ary blanks upon which to make application. 

If the application is for a soldier's children, it must be signed by parent or guardian, and 
certified to before a Notary Public by some responsible person knowing the statements in the 
application to be true. Such children come in as wards, and at the expense of the State. 

If the application is for one not the child of a soldier, it must be made either by the Board 
of Supervisors or the Judge of the District Court of the County in which the child resides. 
Either the Board or Judge have coordinate authority it petitioning for the admission of child- 
ren to the Home. (See laws on back of application blank.) Such children are admitted as 
wards, and at the expense of the Counties from which they are sent. 

Answer all the questions upon the application blanks as fully as possible, having it properly 
signed and certified to, and then return it to the Superintendent. 

It will be placed before the Board of Control for consideration. You will be notified imme- 
diately thereafter, and if approved the child can be admitted without further delay. 

The same authority upon which a child is admitted is the authority to apply for its dismissal 
from the Home. 

Children remain in the Home until the parties sending them here make arrangements for 
dismissal, either to their friends, or authorize the Home authorities to place them in private 
families. 

There is no difficulty in procuring most excellent homes for all the children authorised 
placed out, and without any expense to their friends or the County. 

Only children healthy in body and mind will be admitted. 

Children are received into the Home to remain for no less time than one year. They are 
admitted no younger than one year of age, and are not kept beyond the age of sixteen. There- 
fore children cannot be admitted who are older than fifteen. 

M. T. GASS, Superintendent. 




* 






41 

I 



''.. - 




SOLDIERS ORPHANS HOHE. 



HISTORY. 

At the outbreak of the Rebellion in 1861 the State of Iowa was settled chiefly by young men 
of limited means, maintaining their families to a great extent by agricultural pursuits. When 
the call came for volunteers it was answered patriotically and cheerfully, large numbers coming 
to the front in the defence of their country and homes. 

During the war many of these home-makers were killed, leaving their families destitute and 
unprotected. 

Some of the benevolent people of Davenport, among them Hon. Hiram Price, Hon. John L. 

Davies, Mrs. Patience V. Newcomb, and many others, conceived the plan of founding a home 
for the orphaned children of Iowa soldiers, to be supported by the charity of Iowa people, 
assisted by the comrads of the fallen heroes. A similar enterprise was undertaken at Farming- 
ton, Glenwood, and Cedar Falls. The Davenport Home was first organized December 1, 
1863, as a private charitable instition, and was opened for the reception of children seven 
months later. The old barracks, known as Camp Roberts, standing upon government grounds 
formerly used as a recruiting station, were utilized as a "home" In November, 1865 the Farm" 
ington home moved its children to Davenport, and the following January a law was passed, do- 
nating the land, buildings, and other property to the association for a soldiers' orphans home. 

In June, 1866, it became a State institution, under the name of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans 
Home, and the property was entrusted to a board of trustees appointed by the Legislature. 

In 1875-6 the Glenwood and Cedar Falls branches joined the main institution and trans- 
erred their children to Davenport. 

The spring of the latter year marked an important change, when the Sixteenth General Assem- 
bly amended the law regulating the admission of children, and made any dependent child of the 
State, mentally and physically sound, eligible to the institution upon the same conditions as 
soldiers' orphans. The name was changed to The Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home and Home 
for Indigent Children. 

The property now consisted of thirty-three acres of land, and several wooden buildings which 
had been used as barracks for soldiers. Since then, twenty-four acres of land have been added 
to the farm; the old wooden buildings have been replaced by modern brick structures, and new 
ones added as needed. 

t f t f t 

LOCATION 

The Home is situated in the suburban part of the city of Davenport, about two miles north- 
east of the post-office. The location is one of the most beautiful and healthful in the vicinity; 
the grounds, made attractive by shade trees, flowers, and shrubbery, afford ample opportunity 
for exercise and recreation. 

The institution now consists of eighteen well equipped cottages, accommodating from twenty- 
five to thirty-five children each, a school-house with seating capacity for five hundred children, a 
large two-story hospital, a laundry and engine-house, manual training buildings, and a barn 
with a storage capacity for one hundred tons of hay, and stable-room for twenty-five cows and 
six horses, leaving space for carriages, vehicles, and farm implements. 



The buildings are located upon a hill in about the center of the farm, arranged in the shape 
of a capital letter E, facing the east. In their construction and arrangement the health of the 
children has been considered of the greatest importance, and everything possible has been done 
to give an abundance of light, sunshine, fresh air. and pure water. They are heated by steam 
and lighted by electricity. 

The main or executive building contains offices, reception-rooms, a kitchen, a library a store- 
room, dining-rooms, pantries, a bakery, and living rooms for the superintendent, teachers and 
employees. The children's dining room, with a capacity for seating over five hundred children, 
is in this building. The officers and employees number about sixty persons; the average enroll- 
ment of children in the home is four hundred and fifty at present. 



SCHOOL^ 

This institution has the only regularly graded school connected with a State institution in 
Iowa. All children in health attend regularly; and the advancement is fully as marked as in 
the average public school. In general, the children may be said to do better work, for their 
attendence is more regular and there is less in the way of outside interest to divert their atten- 
tion from their studies. The school year consists of ten months of graded work. The regular 
grammar school curriculum is adopted, beginning with the kindergarten and closing with the 
ninth grade work. In addition to their studies the girls have industrial and domestic instruc- 
tion each day; and the boys are to have manual training advantages. The children are qualified, 
upon graduation, to enter any high school in the State, and are admitted without further exami- 
nation. 

The kindergarten numbers from forty to sixty children between the ages of two and four 
years. 

A resident music teacher is employed in the school and the children are taught the rudiments 
and principles of music and to sing and read by note, and no school can show a better general 
proficiency in this line of instruction, or a more hearty, ready, and almost unanimous response 
to efforts for training in vocal music than in the Home. 

t t t t 

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 

Two industrial buildings have been completed and equipped in several departments of work. 
and are now in full operation. The older girls and boys receive manual training in addition to 
school work. We have a tailor shop and dress-making department, in charge of competent 
instructors, where the girls are taught various kinds of sewing each day. and a domestic depart- 
ment in which they are instructed in the various household duties. A regular class in cooking 
is always carried on, the girls doing all the work neccessary to preparing, cooking, and serving 
the meals to those designated to dine in their department from time to time. They thus ac- 
quire a practical as well as a theoretical knowledge. They also receive instruction ami training 
in washing and ironing. 

The boys are taught cabinet-making, carpentry, and painting. Several are also instructed in 
our bakery, and a considerable number are constantly employed on the farm and in the care of 
stock. Some acquire a good degree of skill in their various occupations, and all cultivate 
habits of industry. 



HOSPITAL. 



***** 



The health of all children in the institution is in charge of the Home physician and a resi- 
dent trained nurse. The hospital is fully equipped with a dispensary. Bath-rooms with 
hot and cold water are provided for all the children, and personal cleanliness, good habits, and 
careful attention to hygienic laws is required. An abundance of good, wholesome, nour- 
ishing food, and a reasonable amount of luxuries, with fruits in their seasons, are provided. 

All injurious excesses are avoided, and a certain amouut of recreation is allowed each child 
every day. 

The health of the institution is so uniformly good that no solicitude need be felt in this direc- 
tion. In case, however, children are seriously ill, friends are immediately notified, and for 
this purpose parents and guardians are requested to inform the Superintendent at once of any 
change in their post-office address. 

The ordinary rates of mortality are from fifteen to twenty per thousand annually, and upon 
this ratio from seven to ten deaths would be expected amongst the five hundred children we 
have in the Home; but the remarkable fact is that the deaths average less than one per year, 
and this has been the record for the past eight years. 

-j- * 4- * + * + 

GOVERNMENT AND CARE OF CHILDREN. 

The future usefulness of children depends largely upon the development of good, strong, 
healthy bodies and minds. The children are furnished with suitable, well-made, and comfortable 
clothing, carefully adapted to the seasons of the year. Personal cleanliness and orderly methods 
are insisted upon, and the Home in all departments is a model of neatness. The management is 
deeply impressed with the seriousness of its obligations as regards the moral, mental, and physical 
training of children and the high standard of propriety and good conduct apparent among 
the children, the strong, robust bodies of the large majority of the inmates, and the sucess 
attained by many of the graduates of the institution, attest the wisdom of the methods now 
in practice. 

Each cottage is in charge of a competent person, carefully selected with a view to her fitness 
and ability as a moral director of the family under her care, No persons are employed or 
allowed upon the grounds who are not of good moral character and correct habits. Courteous 
manners, pure morals, and habits of industry are constantly encouraged in the children. 

Corporal punishment is not permitted until all other means have failed and then all cases 
must be reported to the Superintendent with full explanation of the reasons therefor. 

What is earnestly sought for is not so much the control of the children as that they should 
learn to control themselves; not so much a fear of authority as respect for it and a habit of 
right-doing. The child is the best governed when he governs himself. 



INFORMATION REGARDING ADMISSION OF CHILDREN. 



The price of admission is dependence for support. 

Only children between the ages of one and fifteen will be admitted. 

All soldiers' children will be admitted as soldiers' orphans upon application signed by parent 
or guardians, showing conclusively that the father was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, or 
Spanish War, and giving the date and place of his enlistment, his regiment and company' and 
the date and place of his honorable discharge. All such applications must be certified to before 
a notary public by some responsible person knowing the facts stated in the application. 

Any indigent child whose parents are legal residents of the State of Iowa, is eligible to the 
Home. Application for admission of indigent children must be made by the Board of Super- 
visors of the County wherein the children reside, by any Court of Record, or by any Judge there- 
of. Sections i, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, Chapter 94 of the Laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, 
read as follows: . 

Section i. That the Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home may receive into 
the care and privileges of said Home at Davenport, such destitute children as should, in .their 
judgement, properly be admitted into said institution. 

Sec. 2. That all applications for the admission of such children shall be made through the 
Board of Supervisors of the County wherein the person or persons to be admitted reside. 

Sec. 3. That all persons admitted to the said Home under the provisions of this act shall, 
from and after the date of their reception, be subject to all the rules and regulations therein in 
force; and the trustees of said Home shall have all the control over, and all the powers ar.d 
rights of disposal cf said children as are now or may be by law given them in respect to orphans 
of soldiers. 

Sec. 4. That, the propriety of admitting any child under the provisions of this act into the 
said Home shall be determined by the trustees of said institution. They may refuse to admit 
any child who, from any cause, is deemed to be inadmissible. 

Sec. 5. The payment to the said Home, for the support and maintenance ot children admit- 
ted as herein provided and expenses of transmission of children to said Home, shall be made by 
the state auditor, at the same time and in the same manner as is now or may be provided by law 
for the maintenance of soldiers' orphans. 

Sec. 6. The Board of Supervisors of the county from which such children are received into 
said Home shall make provision for the payment, from any funds of the county not otherwise 
appropriated, for the amounts due monthly for the support of said children, and expenses of 
their transmission to said Home, which amount shall be paid to the State Auditor at the same 
time that State taxes are paid. 

Chapter 111 of the laws of the Twenty-first General Assembly, reads as follows: 

Section i. That Section two (2), of chapter ninety-four (94), of the Acts of the Sixteenth 
General Assembly be. and the same is hereby repealed, and the following is enacted in lieu 
thereof: 

Sec. 2. Application for the admission of such children may be made to any court of record, 
or to any judge thereof, or to the Board of Supervisors of the county wherein the children to be 
admitted reside. 

All applications of either sort must be approved by the Board of Control, and children when 
admitted must remain at least one year. 

Blank forms of application for admission will be sent by the Superintendent whenever desired. 

No child mentally or physically disqualified for attending the public schools of the State will 
be received. 

The children received may remain unlill sixteen yezrs of rge unkrs rcor.er dismissed. All 
children in the Home must have a guardian. The Board of Supervisors will be recognized as 
guardians whenever it is so desired. 




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A siaie law provides that the expenses of soldiers' orphans to the institution are paid by the 
institution. 

All letters concerning business with the- institution, and all letters relative to the health, wel- 
iare, or conduct of the children should be addressed to the Superintendent. 

Homes will be found for children at any time after they have been in the institution one year, 
at the request of parents or guardians. 

note. — The attention of Boards of Supervisors of Counties in Iowa is called to the fact that 
the Board of Control has no authourity to place children in their care in homes outside of the 
institution. Many applications for children are received by them from some of the best homes 
in the State, and if the authority were given them, many of the children could be placed in good 
homes, either by indenture or adoption, where the children would be cared for until they were 
old enough to care for themselves, and the counties would be relieved of their support. 

If tne Sapervisors sending children to the Home will obtain the written consent of the parents 
or guardians of such children and forward the same to the Superintendent they will find it to the 
interest of their counties. 

FORM OF APPLICATION FOR ADniSSION.* 

To the Board of Trustees of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home and Home for Indigent 
Children, Davenport, Iowa. 
Gentlemen — We, the Supervisors of .... County, State of Iowa, do hereby ask admission to 
your institution for. . . .child of . . . . in accordance with Sections i, 2, 3. 4, 5, and 6, Chapter 94, 
of tne laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly. 

Supervisors of. ... County, Iowa. 
Signed this. . . .day of . . . . 1S9. . 

If Petition is made by County Supervisors use above blank. 

STATE OF IOWA, .... County, [- ss. 

I, . . . . one of the judges of the .... Judicial District of 
the Sta'e of Iowa, do hereby ask admission to your institution for. . . .child of . . . . in accordance 
with Sections 1, 2. 3. 4. 5, and 6. Chapter 94, of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, 
and Chapter 111. Section 2. laws of the Twenty-Fifth General Assembly. 
Signed this . . . .day of . . . . 189. . 

Judge. 

If Petition is made by Judge, use this blank. 

Children will not be admitted to this Institution younger than one year old. No child is ad- 
mitted for less time than one year. Boys may remain at the home till 15 years of age; girls till 
16. Children will be admitted to this Institution at any time after the papers asking their ad- 
mission have been approved by the Trustees of the Home. All children, when admitted to this 
institution, should have a guardian if parent is not living. The Board of Supervisors will be 
recognized as guardians whenever it is so desired. The Board of Trustees request answers to 
the following questions: 

1. Is the mother living?. . . . Address. . . . 

2. Is the father living?. . . .Address. . . . 

3. Give name and P. O. address of guardian .... 

4. When was said child born?. . . . 

5. Where was said child born? . . . . 

6. What is the nationality of said child?. . . . 

7. How long has said child resided in Iowa?. . . . 

8. Is said child healthy, and of sound mind?. . . . 

9. Give a brief history of the habits and character of the child .... 

10. Give a brief n story, if possible, of the character and circumstances of the parents of 
said child .... 

11. Are Trustees of the Institution authorised to place the child in a good home at the end 
of one year. . . . 

The above application for the admission of . . . .from. . . .County, State of Iowa, is hereby 
approved this. . . .day of. . . . 189. . 

Board of Control. 

*/ pplicaticr. fcr soldiers' orphans differs slightly from above. 



LIFE IN THE INSTITUTION. 

it must not be supposed that the children lead a cold, cheerless life, by any means, as every 
effort is put forth to furnish them with all proper kinds of childhood amusements. The warm 
love and almost parental affection which exists between the cottage matron and her little group 
of children is observed by all visitors and officers, and clearly indicates that cheerfulness and 
contentment reign in these eighteen happy little homes. One feels convinced that the gradu- 
ates of the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home will not look back to the years spent in that institu- 
tion with any other than the most pleasant recollections. 

The Home is strictly undenominational, but distinctly and positively Christion in its influen- 
ces, discipline, and instruction. Daily worship is held in the cottages, and a regular Sunday" 
school is held every Sunday afternoon at three o'clock, following which is a short sermon from 
the different ministers in town. 

The children assemble for all of their meals in the large dining-room in the executive building. 
They are liberally supplied with everything in the line of recreation and amusements. Balls, 

bats,, foot-balls, swings, tilting-boards, croquet, and other customary playthings incidental to 

childhood are furnished and a daily playtime is allowed each child. 

A carefully selected library of books adapted to the use and instruction of children, is always 
accessible to them. 

A uniformed military company of sixty of the larger boys, from ten to fourteen years of age, 
has been organized with great success. Its advantages are daily more highly appreciated as its 
fruits become better known. The drill gives the children valuable information and moderate 
and regular exercise; it inculcates habits of attention, promptness, obedience, respect for law 
and constituted authority and has an admirable influence on the health, bearing and habits ot 
the children. 

In connection with the organization, the boys have court-martial for disciplining members for 
minor offences, and a uniformed drum corps to furnish music. The fifes and drums were gifts 
from enthusiastic friends in Davenport. 

All holidays are observed here as elsewhere, and in as nearly the same manner as is possible. 

Occasional short visits of parents and near friends are allowed and desired, at which times the 
fullest possible information concerning the home life, the work ot the school and the conduct and 
prospects of the children are gladly given. Owing to the large number of relatives and friends in- 
terested in the children, it has been found necessary to limit the' visits to one day and one night, 
and they should not be made upon Sunday. 

Visitors are also requested not to make such visits upon holidays, as the extra preparatio 1 e 1- 
tailed in the celebration of these days necessarily creates co. fusion, extra work and knconvie'nce. 

Allowing children to visit their homes is against the policy of the management and is objected 
to for the reason it has a tendency to make them discontented uj on their return and also causes 
discontent among others who have no friends to visit. The liability of children's (on their return 
from such visits ) bringing contagicus diseases to which the entire family of children in the 
Home is exposed, is another very serious objection. 

Children are furnished stationary and postage by the Home, and are required to write to their 
relatives or guardians once in two weeks. Parents or friends of children may write to them as 
often as they wish. It is expected, however, that these letters shall be of a character to encourage 
and make them haiov. 



DISPOSITION OF CHIL1DREN. 

The Home has been in operation over thirty-five years; durirg this time more than four 
thousand rive hundred children have been admitted. They have come from homes desolated by 
the fatalities of war, from homes of broken down old soldiers, from the unfortunate but worthy 
poor families, and from homes of crime; some coming in a most wretched condition, both 
morally and physically. The dicipline to which all of the children have been subjected and the 
course of training, has been in the hands of trusted and conscientious workers, and is such as 
would eliminate the vicious traits of character and prepare them for good citizenship. 

Children of this state should never suffer the stigma of having been inmates of a poor-house, 
nor should they ever under twelve years of age, or without the commission of a crime, be com- 
mitted to a reformatory as many are for no other reason than that they are destitute. Several 
tates have laws against this, with a penalty attached for the violation of the same. In such places 
children are liable to the most pernicious influences and surroundings, oftentimes having for 
associates imbeciles, lunatics and persons of most vicious and demoralizing traits of character. 
Their minds become so impregnated with the vice and wickedness about them that it takes years 
(if it is ever possible) to eradicate the evil effects. 

New T York and California support their dependent children in sectarian asylums. Most of the 
states, however, have institutions similar to this one, many of them upon a larger scale. 

Few of the children remain the full time allowed them in rhe Home. But a year or two of 
the wholesome training received in the Home renders them much more attractive and enables 
the management to find much better homes for them. More than four thousand children have 
entered the state, armed with a good education, good physical condition, and habits of sobriety 
and industry. 

The boys are found among the best men in Iowa, in the different professions and places of 
trust and responsibility. 

The girls have contributed an equal share in making the past record of the Home as creditable 
as the future promises to be. 

The constant good reports coming in from the wards of the state who have gone out from this 
home would convince the most skeptical observer that the state's taking care of its dependent 
children is no longer a theory, but a thoroughly proven fact, and a system which is robbing the 
reformatories, poor-houses and penitentiaries of their inmates; and that such instiutions are 
both practical and profitable in elevating these children from crime, degradation and surround- 
ings and influences not conducive to sober, industrious citizenship, to a position of self-respect 
and self-support, which in many instances has not been traceable in their families for genera- 
tions. 



This is an institution with whose work the management would be very glad to have the pub- 
lic become more familiar. It has to do with a bright, promising class of children in whom, if 
they are brought under right influences and properly trained, there is every hope of making 
good and useful citizens. 

To this end, the state is doing a noble work for the class of children assembled in the Home 
and we feel that its great benefits might, and would be much further extended, and greater good 
accomplished, if the nature and scope of its work were better understood. 

The work of child saving is one in which philanthropists are becoming more and more inter- 
rested and to which every year the attention of the charitable public is more earnestly drawn. 
This is the one institution in all of the state whose work is especially directed to this end. Its 
doors are ever open to the public for investigation as to its methods and nature of the work 
done here, with a feeling on the part of the management that the Home needs only to be better 
known to be better appreciated. Information will be gladly and freely furnished to any one 
who desires a better knowledge of the Home. 



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